Effective ways to quit smoking trial#

Higher rates of smoking have been shown in people with lower education (to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), five million (16%) Canadians over the age of 12 years in 2017 smoked tobacco. Worldwide, it is estimated that nearly one in seven adults smoke tobacco daily. Among smoking-related deaths, most were attributable to cancers, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases. Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable death and disability. In 2012, approximately 45,500 deaths (18% of all deaths in Canada) were attributed to tobacco smoking. The GRADE framework will be used to assess the quality of the evidence for outcomes. The methodological quality of systematic reviews, risk of bias of randomized and non-randomized trials, and methodological quality of cohort studies will be evaluated using AMSTAR 2, the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and a modified version of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network critical appraisal tool, respectively.

Disagreements regarding full-text screening and data extraction will be resolved by consensus or third-party adjudication. Extracted data will be verified by a second reviewer. Full-text screening will be performed independently by two reviewers. Two reviewers will independently screen the title and abstracts of citations using the liberal accelerated method.

Effective ways to quit smoking trial#

Organizational websites and trial registries will be searched for unpublished or ongoing reviews/studies. The MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases will be searched as of 2008 for the overview of reviews and from the last search date of the selected review for the updated review. The search strategy for the updated review on e-cigarettes will be developed using that of the candidate systematic review. Search strategies will be developed and peer-reviewed by medical information specialists. The second stage will involve updating a systematic review on electronic cigarettes identified in the overview randomized controlled trials will be considered for outcomes relating to benefits while randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and comparative observational studies will be considered for evaluating harms. First, an overview of systematic reviews evaluating the benefits and harms of various stop smoking interventions delivered in or referred from the primary care setting will be conducted. The evidence review will consist of two stages.